Mexico is the second largest economy in Latin America. Mexico's economy has become increasingly oriented toward manufacturing, however the extractive sector still is the single most important sector. According to the last EITI Report oil and gas industry represented 3.5% of the GDP in 2018, compared to 8.0% in 2000. Mining activites accounted for 2.4% of the GDP in 2018.  Gold, copper, silver and zinc are the main commodities in the Mexican mining sector. 

In 2013, Mexico passed a constitutional reform to allow, for the first time in almost a century, private investment in the Mexican oil and gas sector. One of the central aims of the reforms was to bring transparency to how the sector is managed. From awarding licenses to collecting revenues from the companies to the use of those revenues, the reforms sought to embed transparency in government practices and systems. Since 2016, Mexico has conducted a series of bidding rounds to allocate oil and gas blocks.

The 2018 EITI Report describes the payments and obligations from all the contracts and allocations in the oil industry in the country, and the subnational transfers from the Hydrocarbon Extraction Fund (FEXHI) of 3.8 billion MXN. The report also describes the amounts collected by the Mining Fund (Fondo para el Desarrollo Regional Sustentable de Estados y Municipios Mineros), of more than 4.3 billion MXN. 

Mexico became an implementing country since the approval by the Board during at the Board meeting in Manila in October 2017.

Legal and fiscal regime

- Mining legal and fiscal regime, contracts and economic contribution

- Hydrocarbon legal and fiscal regime, contracts, state participation and economic contribution

Contract transparency

The hydrocarbons regulator CNH (Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos) has worked with the Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI) in identifying the best practices for transparency in contract management.

See the recommendations here.

2018 EITI Report

The report was completed in April 2020. It is available here

2017 EITI Report

The report, completed in April 2020, is available here

An Annex to both EITI 2017 and 2018 Reports is available here

Revenue streams

The report covers five revenue streams from the hydrocarbon sector and five from the mining sector that were reconciled:

Hydrocarbon (collected by the Tax Office SAT and the Mexican Petroleum Fund FMP)

• Income tax
• Tax on exploration and extraction
• Hydrocarbons extraction rights
• Hydrocarbons exploration rights
• Shared profit right
• Contract quota (extraction phase)
• Base Royalty
• Additional Royalty
• Signature bonds 
• State's share of operating profit

Mining (collected by the Tax Office SAT)

• Income Tax
• Mining Rights
• Special mining rights
• Extraordinary mining rights
• Aditional mining rights

Additionally, the report included (unilaterally disclosed by the government) one minor revenue stream in the hydrocarbon sector and four in the mining sector.

Reporting companies

Hydrocarbons:  

State-owned enterprise PEMEX

• Fieldwood
• Shell
• Exxon Mobil
• BP
• BHP
• Total
• Reposl
• Wintershall DEA
• Equinor
• Jaguar
• Chevron
• Lukoil

Mining:

• Grupo Mexico
• Fresnillo
• New Mont Goldcorp
• Peñoles
• Frisco
• Agnico Eagle
• Torex
• Plata Panamericana
• Alamos Gold
• Lea Gold
• Peña Colorada
• Carrizal Mining
• Argonaut Gold
• Ternium Las Encinas
• Baramin

Timeline

By 2020, all EITI countries have to ensure that companies that apply for or hold a participating interest in an oil, gas or mining license or contract in their country disclose their beneficial owners. The EITI Standard also requires public officials – also known as Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs) to be transparent about their ownership in oil, gas and mining companies.

The government of Mexico has committed to map and identify beneficial ownership of the companies operating in the country and explore the methodology and extent of contract transparency. Mexico submitted its beneficial ownership roadmap as part of the candidature application in September 2017.